Recent developments in the Middle East conflict show complex dynamics, marked by various political and social shifts. One major factor is rising tensions between Israel and Palestine, which have been exacerbated by sporadic violence. Clashes in Jerusalem and rocket attacks from Gaza grabbed headlines, highlighting the need for a deep and sustained resolution. On the other hand, Iran continues to play a central role in regional geopolitics. With its ongoing nuclear program, the country is trying to strengthen its influence. The United States and European countries have begun renegotiating the nuclear deal, but there are many doubts about Iran’s commitment to transparency. Meanwhile, economic sanctions continue, adding pressure to Iran’s economy, resulting in domestic protests. In Syria, although the main conflict has subsided, tensions remain. A civil war that lasted for more than a decade made the country a battleground for foreign powers. Russia continues to support the government of Bashar al-Assad, while the United States and allies maintain a military presence to fight the Islamic State group and other pro-terrorist actors. Syria’s northern region, which is inhabited by Kurds, remains a point of conflict, especially regarding Türkiye’s ambitions to neutralize the threat from the Kurdish People’s Protection Units. Yemen is also experiencing a very severe humanitarian crisis due to the war between the internationally recognized government and the Houthi rebels. The intervention of the Saudi Arabian-led coalition in the name of fighting the Houthis has further worsened the civil situation, with thousands of people losing their lives and millions more threatened with starvation. UN efforts to bring the two parties together in peace dialogue continue, but the results are insignificant. In a broader context, Arab countries’ relations with Israel have undergone significant changes through normalization which has been underway since 2020. The Abraham Agreement allows a number of countries, including the UAE and Bahrain, to establish diplomatic relations with Israel. This shows a shift in vision regarding the potential for cooperation in the economic and security fields in the region, leaving aside the Palestinian issue for the time being. The climate crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic have also contributed to tensions in the region. The issue of water resource shortages and the impact of the pandemic on the regional economy is increasing instability. Vulnerable countries must face the dual impact of public health challenges and the need to rebuild economies. An in-depth analysis of this shift highlights the importance of a multilateral approach in resolving conflicts in the Middle East. The role of international actors, including the UN, remains crucial in encouraging dialogue and cooperation. The international community must firmly support efforts to create conditions that support peace and stability in the region. Continued monitoring of these issues can ultimately contribute to better solutions for all parties involved.
