In recent years, political trends in Europe have undergone many striking changes. One of the most striking is the increase in support for extremist parties. In countries such as France and Germany, far-right parties such as Rassemblement National and Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) have gained significant popularity. They voiced concerns regarding immigration and globalization, resonating with many citizens who feel marginalized by existing government policies. Apart from that, political dynamics in Europe are also influenced by climate change issues. Movements such as Extinction Rebellion and Fridays for Future are sensitive to the urgent need for climate action. Many political leaders now feel pressure to adopt more sustainable policies, with a focus on renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions. This creates a new trend in European politics, where green parties are increasingly gaining ground on the political stage. The Ukraine crisis that began in 2022 also had a major impact on European geopolitics. NATO member countries are strengthening their ties and increasing defense budgets. In addition, the European Union is starting to pursue a more independent energy strategy, looking for ways to reduce dependence on Russian gas. In this context, European Solidarity became a central theme, with member states supporting Ukraine both politically and militarily. Security issues are also increasingly dominating political discussions. Terrorism and cyber attacks are a major concern, prompting governments to increase intelligence cooperation. Measures such as strengthening borders and increasing digital surveillance are increasingly common. Despite the push for security, some worry that these measures could threaten civil liberties. Meanwhile, the populist movement in Europe is facing new challenges. Many countries are beginning to adopt inclusive policies in response to the refugee crisis, although the debate over immigration continues. In Spain, for example, there is increasing support for pro-immigration parties, creating complex political tensions. Not only that, competition between European Union member countries is increasingly visible, especially in terms of post-COVID-19 economic policies. Some countries, such as Germany and France, are pushing for economic recovery through massive stimulus, while others are more cautious. These tensions point to deepening inequalities within the European Union. The social and cultural terrain is also not free from the impact of developing politics. Issues of social justice, human rights, and gender increasingly dominate public debate. Protests in European capitals show that citizens are increasingly pressing for change, pushing politicians to acknowledge and address these issues. Overall, political trends in Europe are characterized by complexity and rapidly changing dynamics. Political uncertainty, environmental challenges and the rise of extremism are some of the many aspects shaping the face of European politics today.
