A state of emergency is a special legal status used to authorize a government to make a broad range of regulations to deal with an extraordinary situation, such as during a natural disaster or an attempt at a political coup. These regulations can include restricting rights, including the right to protest and the right to vote, imposing curfews, closing public buildings or schools, or ordering evacuations.
In the United Kingdom, only the British Sovereign, acting on the advice of the Privy Council or a Minister of the Crown in exceptional circumstances, can declare a state of emergency. Such regulations must be limited to thirty days, but they can be extended by a resolution of either house of Parliament.
States of emergency are often declared during natural disasters, such as hurricanes or earthquakes. They can also be declared to address security situations, such as a bomb scare or a mass shooting. State governments are often able to call upon private voluntary organizations and volunteers such as the American Red Cross and The Salvation Army to assist with their response and recovery efforts during such emergencies.
State governments may also use a state of emergency to authorize the use of Federal funding programs and resources for disaster relief and reconstruction efforts. In addition, some States may require that localities impose travel restrictions and other measures to protect the public safety during a state of emergency. Travel bans are usually lifted when a state of emergency ends, though other restrictions such as curfews and evacuations can continue for varying lengths.
