The global energy crisis has become an increasingly obvious challenge, creating a significant impact on the foreign policies of various countries. Dependence on energy sources, price fluctuations, and geopolitical instability exacerbate this situation. Energy-producing countries, such as Russia, OPEC, and the United States, play a central role in steering global energy dynamics. One of the main impacts of this crisis is its impact on international relations. Countries dependent on energy imports are often forced to strengthen ties with energy producing countries. For example, European countries have accelerated the diversification of their energy supplies, reducing dependence on Russia after the invasion of Ukraine. This creates new opportunities for energy cooperation with countries such as Norway, Qatar and the United States. In addition, foreign policy aimed at overcoming climate change is also influenced by the energy crisis. The transition to renewable energy is becoming increasingly urgent, affecting investment and international diplomacy. Countries, such as China and India, that are committed to reducing carbon emissions, must now also consider short-term energy needs to support economic growth. This shift has also led to the rise of green energy initiatives in bilateral and multilateral cooperation. For example, the 2015 Paris agreement was further strengthened as countries sought to adapt to the energy crisis while meeting emissions reduction targets. Summits such as COP28 provide an important platform to encourage cooperation on new energy technologies. The energy crisis also affects the military policies of several countries. With the potential for conflict stemming from competition for energy resources, countries are beginning to strengthen their military capabilities to protect energy interests. For example, strengthening the US military presence in the Persian Gulf reflects efforts to maintain the stability of energy supply lines. The economic impact of the energy crisis cannot be ignored. High energy prices have a direct impact on global inflation, forcing countries to reevaluate economic and social policies. With rising fuel prices, many governments have had to face popular demands to ease the economic burden, which could lead to political instability. Energy importing countries are also starting to seek diversification of energy sources to increase resilience. In this context, Southeast Asian countries, such as Indonesia and the Philippines, are trying to reduce dependence on fossil energy. This increases interest in renewable energy investments such as solar, wind and bioenergy. New initiatives such as China’s “Green Belt and Road Initiative” also illustrate how an energy crisis can trigger significant changes in its infrastructure planning. Investment in renewable energy projects in partner countries is one way to strengthen diplomatic relations while meeting energy needs. The global energy crisis forces countries to think strategically and adaptively in their foreign policies. With changing political dynamics, every country needs to integrate energy strategies into their foreign policy, making the energy crisis not just a domestic issue, but a global challenge that requires cross-border cooperation.
